This list attempts to name all those individuals who claimed the title of
Augustus during the period of the Roman Empire in the West. It ignores the
Byzantine Emperors who reigned in the Eastern Mediterranean after the fall of
the Western Empire in the late fifth century AD.
Names are given as fully as possible, with the praenomen
abbreviated according to Latin convention; the names by which the individuals
are best known are italicised, so that the emperor known best as Tiberius I
appears as Ti Claudius Nero. If an emperor is known best by a nickname (for
instance, Caracalla), this is given is square brackets. Although the Romans did
not use regnal numbers, they have been given here following modern convention.
The
ordering of names follows the date of accession or usurpation as consistently as
possible: with some of the more obscure usurpers, exact dates are impossible to
ascertain, and in some cases their position in the list is only approximate.
| Name | Accession | Death |
| Iulius Caesar (Dictator) | -49 | 15 March -44 |
| C Iulius Caesar Octauianus Augustus | 16 January -27 | 19 August 14 |
| Ti Claudius Nero | 19 August 14 | 16 March 37 |
| C Claudius Nero Germanicus [Caligula] | 16 March 37 | 24 January 41 |
| Ti Claudius Nero Drusus I | 25 January 41 | 13 October 54 |
| L Domitius Claudius Nero | 13 October 54 | 9 June 68 |
| L Clodius Macer (North Africa) | April 68 | October 68 |
| Ser Sulpicius Galba | 9 June 68 | 15 January 69 |
| C Nymphidius Sabinus (Rome) | 20? June 68 | autumn 68 |
| A Vitellius | 2 January 69 | 20 December 69 |
| M Saluius Otho | 15 January 69 | 17 April 69 |
| T Flauius Vespasianus | 1 July 69 | 24 June 79 |
| T Flauius Vespasianus | 24 June 79 | 13 September 81 |
| T Flauius Domitianus I | 13 September 81 | 18 September 96 |
| L Antoninus Saturninus | 89 | 89 |
| M Cocceius Nerua | 18 September 96 | 25 January 98 |
| M Vlpius Traianus | 25 January 98 | 8 August 117 |
| P Aelius Hadrianus | 8 August 117 | 10 July 138 |
| T Aurelius Antoninus [Pius] | 10 July 138 | 7 March 161 |
| M Annius Aurelius Verus | 7 March 161 | 17 March 180 |
| L Aelius Aurelius Verus Commodus | 7 March 161 | January 169 |
| Auidius Cassius | 175 | 175 |
| M Aurelius Antoninus Commodus | 1 January 177 | 31 December 192 |
| Maternus | 186 | 186 |
| P Heluius Pertinax | 1 January 193 | 28 March 193 |
| M Didius Seuerus Iulianus | 28 March 193 | 2 June 193 |
| C Pescennius Niger Iustus (Syria) | April 193 | autumn 194 |
| L Septimius Seuerus I Pertinax | 13 April 193 | 4 September 211 |
| D Clodius Septimius Albinus (Gaul & Britain) | December 195 | 19 February197 |
| M Aurelius Antoninus [Caracalla] | January 198 | 8 April 217 |
| P Septimius Geta | 209 | 1 February212 |
| M Opellius Macrinus | 11 April 217 | 8 June 218 |
| M Opellius Antoninus Diadumenianus | 218 | 8 June 218 |
| M Aurelius Antoninus [Elagabalus (Heliogabalus)] | 16 May 218 | 6 March 222 |
| Seleucus | 218×222 | 218×222 |
| Gellius Maximus | 218×222 | 218×222 |
| …s Verus | 218×222 | 218×222 |
| M Aurelius Seuerus Alexander | 6 March 222 | mid March 235 |
| Taurinus | 222×235 | 222×235 |
| L Seius Sallustius | 225 | 227 |
| C Iulius Verus Maximinus I Thrax | mid March 235 | 24 June 238 |
| Quartinus | 235 | 235 |
| M Antoninus Gordianus I Sempronianus Romanus | 22 March 238 | 12 April 238 |
| M Antoninus Gordianus II Sempronianus Romanus | 22 March 238 | 12 April 238 |
| M Clodius Pupienus Maximus | 22 April 238 | 29 July 238 |
| D Caelius Caluinus Balbinus | 22 April 238 | 29 July 238 |
| M Antonius Gordianus III | 29 July 238 | 25 February 244 |
| M Iulius Verus Philippus I Arabs | 25 February244 | September 249 |
| M Iulius Seuerus Philippus II | May 244 | September 249 |
| Sibannacus | 244×9 | 244×9 |
| Sponsianus | 244×9 | 244×9 |
| Vranius Antoninus I (East) | 248 | 253 |
| Ti Claudius Marinus Pacatianus (Danube) | June 248 | summer 248 |
| M Fuluius Rufus Iotapianus (Asia Minor) | summer 248 | summer 248 |
| C Messius Quintus Traianus Decius | September 249 | June 251 |
| L? Priscus | 250 | 250 |
| Iulius Valens Licinianus | 250 | 250 |
| Q Herennius Etruscus Messius Decius | May 251 | June 251 |
| C Vibius Afinius Trebonianus Gallus | June 251 | August 253 |
| C Valens Hostilianus Messius Quintus | July 251 | November 251 |
| C Vibius Afinius Gallus Vendumnianus Volusianus | November 251 | August 253 |
| M Aemilius Aemilianus | July 253 | October 253 |
| P Licinius Valerianus | 22 October 253 | June 260 |
| P Licinius Egnatius Gallienus | August 253 | 22 March 268 |
| L Iulius Aurelius Sulpicius Vranius Antoninus II | 253 | 254 |
| Ingenuus (Danube) | 258 | 259? |
| P Licinius Cornelius Saloninus Valerianus (Cologne) | 259 | 259 |
| M Cassianus Latinius Postumus (Gaul) | late 259 | late 268 |
| T Fuluius Macrianus | September 260 | mid 261 |
| T Fuluius Quietus | September 260 | November 261 |
| Mareodes (Antioch) | 260? | 260? |
| Odenathus (Palmyra) | 260 | 267 |
| Regalianus (Danube) | 260 | 260 |
| Valens | 260 | 260 |
| Piso | 261 | 261 |
| Ballista | 261 | 261 |
| Mussius Aemilianus | 261 | 261 |
| Aureolus | 267 | 268 |
| M Aurelius Valerius Claudius II Gothicus | 22 March 268 | January 270 |
| C Domitianus II (Gaul?) | 268? | 268? |
| Vlpius Cornelius Laelianus (Gaul) | summer 268 | late 268 |
| M Aurelius Marius (Gaul) | late 268 | mid 269 |
| M Piauonius Victorinus (Gaul) | mid 269 | early 270 |
| M Aurelius Claudius Quintillus | January 270 | early 274 |
| L Domitius Aurelianus | April 270 | April 275 |
| C Pius Esuuius Tetricus I (Gaul) | early 270 | early 274 |
| Felicissimus | 270? | 271? |
| Zenobia* (Palmyra) | 271 | summer 272 |
| Vaballathus (Athenodoros) | 271 | summer 272 |
| Septimius | 271 | 272 |
| Vrbanus | 271 | 272 |
| C Pius Tetricus II (Gaul) | early 274 | early 274 |
| Memor (East) | ? | ? |
| Firmus (East) | ? | ? |
| <Interregnum [Severina*]> | April 275 | September 275 |
| M Claudius Tacitus | 25 September 275 | April 276 |
| M Annius Florianus | early April 276 | end of June 276 |
| M Aurelius Equitius Probus | April or May 276 | September 282 |
| Sex Iulianus Saturninus (Egypt) | 280 | 280 |
| Proculus (Gaul) | ? | ? |
| Bonosus (Gaul) | ? | ? |
| M Aurelius Numerius Carus | September 282 | August 283 |
| M Aurelius Carinus | August 283 | 1? April 285 |
| M Aurelius Numerius Numerianus | August 283 | November 284 |
| M Aurelius Iulianus I (Pannonia) | late 284 | early 285 |
| C Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Iouius | 20 November 284 | 1 May 305 |
| Aelianus (Gaul) | 285 | 286 |
| Amandus (Gaul) | 285 | 285 |
| M Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Herculius (1) | 1 April 286 | 1 May 305 |
| M Aurelius Mausaeus Carausius (Britain) | late 286 | 293 |
| Allectus (Britain) | 293 | 296 |
| L Domitius Domitianus Achilleus (Egypt) | July 296 | spring 297 |
| M Flauius Valerius Constantius I [Chlorus] | 1 May 305 | 25 July 306 |
| C Galerius Valerius Maximianus | 1 May 305 | May 311 |
| Fl Valerius Seuerus II | 25 July 306 | April 307 |
| Fl Valerius Constantinus I [Magnus] | 25 July 306 | 22 May 337 |
| M Aurelius Valerius Maxentius | 28 October 306 | 28 October 312 |
| M Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Herculius (2) | November 306 | November 308 |
| C Flauius Valerius Licinianus Licinius | 11 November 308 | 21 September 324 |
| C Galerius Valerius Maximinus II Daia | May 309 | August 313 |
| M Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Herculius (3) | spring 310 | spring 310 |
| L Domitius Alexander (North Africa) | 311 | 311 |
| Aurelius Valerius Valens I | 314 | late 314 |
| M Martinianus | summer 324 | autumn 324 |
| Calocaerus (Cyprus) | 333×4 | 333×4 |
| <Interregnum> | 22 May 337 | 9 September 337 |
| Fl Valerius Claudius Constantinus II | 9 September 337 | spring 340 |
| Fl Valerius Iulius Constans I | 9 September 337 | 18 January 350 |
| Fl Valerius Iulius Constantius II | 9 September 337 | 3 November 361 |
| Fl Iulius Popilius Nepotianus Constantinus | early 350 | early 350 |
| Fl Magnus Magnentius (Gaul & Britain) | 18 January 350 | 11 August 353 |
| Vetranio (Illyricum) | 1 March 350 | late 350 |
| Claudius Siluanus | 355 | 355 |
| Fl Claudius Iulianus II | February 360 | 26 June 363 |
| Fl Claudius Iouianus | 27 June 363 | 16 February 364 |
| Fl Valentinianus I | 26 February 364 | 17 November 375 |
| Fl Valens II | 28 March 364 | 9 August 378 |
| Procopius (East) | 28 September 365 | 27 May 366 |
| Marcellus (East) | 27 May 366 | summer 366 |
| Fl Gratianus I | 24 August 367 | 25 August 383 |
| Fl Valentinianus II | 22 November 375 | 15 May 392 |
| Fl Theodosius I | 19 January 379 | 17 January 395 |
| Magnus Clemens Maximus I (Britain & Gaul) | July 383 | 28 July 388 |
| Fl Victor (Britain & Gaul) | mid 387 | August 388 |
| Eugenius (Gaul) | 22 August 392 | 6 September 394 |
| Arcadius | 19 January 393 | 1 May 408 |
| Fl Honorius | 10 January 395 | 25 August 423 |
| Gildo (Africa) | 397 | 397 |
| Theodosius II | 10 January 402 | 28 July 450 |
| Marcus I (Britain) | 406 | January 407 |
| Gratianus II (Britain) | January 407 | May 407 |
| Fl Claudius Constantinus III (Britain & Gaul) | mid 407 | September 411 |
| Constans (Britain & Gaul) | 408 | early 411 |
| Maximus II (Spain) | 409 | 411 |
| Priscus Attalus (1) (Italy) | 409 | May or June 410 |
| Iouinus (Rhine) | 411 | 413 |
| Sebastianus (Rhine) | 412 | 413 |
| Priscus Attalus (2) (Gaul) | 414 | 415 |
| Fl Constantius III | 8 February 421 | 2 September 421 |
| Iohannes I | 25 August 423 | October 425 |
| Placidius Valentinianus III | 23 October 425 | 16 March 455 |
| Fl Valerius Marcianus | 25 August 450 | January or February 457 |
| Fl Anicius Petronius Maximus | 17 March 455 | 31 May 455 |
| Fl Valerius Leo I | 7 February 457 | 3 February 474 |
| M Maecilius Flauius Eparchius Auitus | 9 July 455 | 17 October 456 |
| Iulius Maiorianus | 1 April 457 | 2 August 461 |
| Libius Seuerus III | 19 November 461 | 14 November 465 |
| Procopius Anthemius | 12 April 467 | 11 July 472 |
| Anicius Olybrius | April 472 | 2 November 472 |
| Fl Glycerius | 5 March 473 | 24 June 474 |
| Leo II | 18 November 473 | 10 November 474 |
| Zeno | 9 February 474 | 9 April 491 |
| Fl Iulius Nepos (Dalmatia only from 28August 475) | 24 June 474 | 9 May 480 |
| Basiliscus (Constantinople) | January 475 | August 476 |
| Marcus II | early 476 | August 476 |
| Romulus Augustus [Augustulus] | October 475 | August 476 |
| Leontius | 19 July 484 | 488 |
| Anastasius I (Byzantine Empire) | 11 April 491 | 1 July 518 |